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3.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-10, 2023. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468816

ABSTRACT

The work aims were to describe the histological and histochemical structure of the gastroesophageal tube of Iguana iguana and verify the occurrence and distribution of immunoreactive serotonin (5-HT) and somatostatin (SS) cells. Fragments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five iguanas were which underwent standard histological and immunohistochemistry technique. Immunoreactive cells for 5-HT and SS were quantified using the STEPanizer. The oesophagus has ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium with staining Alcian blue (AB) + and goblet cells highly reactive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS). In the cervical oesophagus, the numerical density of 5-HT cells per unit area (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) was 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 and celomatic oesophagus presented QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. The epithelium of the stomach is simple columnar, PAS and AB +. The cranial and middle regions of the stomach presented (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 and the caudal region, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. The SS cells were only observed in the caudal stomach, with numerical density (QA [SS cells]/µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9 In I. iguana, variation was observed in terms of the distribution of mucus secretions and the pattern of occurrence of serotonin and somatostatin-secreting enteroendocrine cells in the TGI, which possibly will result in an interspecific adaptive response.


Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever a estrutura histológica e histoquímica do tubo gastroesofágico da Iguana iguana e verificar a ocorrência e distribuição de células serotonina (5-HT) e somatostatina (SS) imunorreativas. Fragmentos do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) de cinco iguanas foram submetidos à técnica histológica e imunohistoquímica padrão. As células imunorreativas para 5-HT e SS foram quantificadas usando o STEPanizer. O esôfago apresenta epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar ciliado Alcian blue (AB) positivo, com células caliciformes altamente reativas ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). No esôfago cervical, a densidade numérica de células 5-HT por unidade de área (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) foi de 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 e o esôfago celomático apresentou QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. O epitélio do estômago é colunar simples, PAS e AB positivo. As regiões cranial e média do estômago apresentaram (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 e a região caudal, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. As células SS foram observadas apenas no estômago caudal, com densidade numérica (QA [células SS] / µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9. Em I. iguana, foi observada variações em termos da distribuição das secreções de muco e padrão de ocorrência das células enteroendócrinas secretoras de serotonina e somatostatina no TGI, o que possivelmente reflete uma resposta adaptativa interespecifica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Stomach , Esophagus , Iguanas/anatomy & histology , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Serotonin/analysis , Somatostatin/analysis , Gastrointestinal Tract/anatomy & histology
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-5, 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468893

ABSTRACT

Morphophysiological species researches are fundamental, and diagnostic imaging is an excellent technique, already used in wild animals, with great application, not invasive and provide real-time information of each body. Amazonian manatees are on the list of endangered animals classified in the vulnerable category and knowledge of the normal pattern of ultrasound anatomy of organs and tissues is important for the maintenance and well-being of captive specimens contributing to reintroduction actions. The objective of the study was to standardize the examination technique and describe the ultrasound findings of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder and the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal region in Trichechus inunguis, in order to contribute with the anatomical and sonographic knowledge and assist in the diagnosis and prognosis diseases. The study used 18 animals to describe the normal sonographic anatomy in the abdominal cavity of the Amazonian manatee. During abdominal scan, it was possible to visualize the features of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder obtained satisfactory results in this study. Therefore, other structures were not primarily identified by the reduced time, lots of fat and gases in intestines of animals.


Pesquisas morfofisiológicas em espécies selvagens são fundamentais, e o diagnóstico por imagem é uma excelente técnica, já usada e com grande aplicação, não invasiva e que fornece informações em tempo real de cada órgão. Peixes-boi-amazônico encontram-se na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção classificados na categoria vulnerável e o conhecimento do padrão normal da anatomia ultrassonográfica de órgãos e tecidos é importante para a manutenção e bem-estar de espécimes em cativeiro contribuindo para ações de reintrodução. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar a técnica de exame e descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do fígado, vesícula biliar, estômago, vesícula urinária e o tecido subcutâneo da região abdominal em Trichechus inunguis, de modo a contribuir com o conhecimento anátomo-sonográfico e auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças. O estudo utilizou 18 animais para descrever a anatomia ultrassonográfica normal na cavidade abdominal de peixe-boi amazônico. Durante a varredura abdominal foi possível visualizar as características dos órgãos obtendo resultados satisfatórios neste estudo, concluindo ser uma técnica eficiente para avaliação de determinados órgãos abdominais em peixe-boi amazônico. Entretanto, outras estruturas não foram identificadas principalmente pelo tempo reduzido, muita gordura e gases nos intestinos dos animais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Urinary Bladder/anatomy & histology , Stomach/anatomy & histology , Liver/anatomy & histology , Subcutaneous Tissue/anatomy & histology , Trichechus , Ultrasonography/methods , Ultrasonography/veterinary , Gallbladder/anatomy & histology
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 832023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469032

ABSTRACT

Abstract The work aims were to describe the histological and histochemical structure of the gastroesophageal tube of Iguana iguana and verify the occurrence and distribution of immunoreactive serotonin (5-HT) and somatostatin (SS) cells. Fragments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five iguanas were which underwent standard histological and immunohistochemistry technique. Immunoreactive cells for 5-HT and SS were quantified using the STEPanizer. The oesophagus has ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium with staining Alcian blue (AB) + and goblet cells highly reactive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS). In the cervical oesophagus, the numerical density of 5-HT cells per unit area (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) was 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 and celomatic oesophagus presented QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. The epithelium of the stomach is simple columnar, PAS and AB +. The cranial and middle regions of the stomach presented (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 and the caudal region, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. The SS cells were only observed in the caudal stomach, with numerical density (QA [SS cells]/µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9 In I. iguana, variation was observed in terms of the distribution of mucus secretions and the pattern of occurrence of serotonin and somatostatin-secreting enteroendocrine cells in the TGI, which possibly will result in an interspecific adaptive response.


Resumo Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever a estrutura histológica e histoquímica do tubo gastroesofágico da Iguana iguana e verificar a ocorrência e distribuição de células serotonina (5-HT) e somatostatina (SS) imunorreativas. Fragmentos do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) de cinco iguanas foram submetidos à técnica histológica e imunohistoquímica padrão. As células imunorreativas para 5-HT e SS foram quantificadas usando o STEPanizer. O esôfago apresenta epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar ciliado Alcian blue (AB) positivo, com células caliciformes altamente reativas ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). No esôfago cervical, a densidade numérica de células 5-HT por unidade de área (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) foi de 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 e o esôfago celomático apresentou QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. O epitélio do estômago é colunar simples, PAS e AB positivo. As regiões cranial e média do estômago apresentaram (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 e a região caudal, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. As células SS foram observadas apenas no estômago caudal, com densidade numérica (QA [células SS] / µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9. Em I. iguana, foi observada variações em termos da distribuição das secreções de muco e padrão de ocorrência das células enteroendócrinas secretoras de serotonina e somatostatina no TGI, o que possivelmente reflete uma resposta adaptativa interespecifica.

6.
Braz. j. biol ; 832023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469109

ABSTRACT

Abstract Morphophysiological species researches are fundamental, and diagnostic imaging is an excellent technique, already used in wild animals, with great application, not invasive and provide real-time information of each body. Amazonian manatees are on the list of endangered animals classified in the vulnerable category and knowledge of the normal pattern of ultrasound anatomy of organs and tissues is important for the maintenance and well-being of captive specimens contributing to reintroduction actions. The objective of the study was to standardize the examination technique and describe the ultrasound findings of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder and the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal region in Trichechus inunguis, in order to contribute with the anatomical and sonographic knowledge and assist in the diagnosis and prognosis diseases. The study used 18 animals to describe the normal sonographic anatomy in the abdominal cavity of the Amazonian manatee. During abdominal scan, it was possible to visualize the features of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder obtained satisfactory results in this study. Therefore, other structures were not primarily identified by the reduced time, lots of fat and gases in intestines of animals.


Resumo Pesquisas morfofisiológicas em espécies selvagens são fundamentais, e o diagnóstico por imagem é uma excelente técnica, já usada e com grande aplicação, não invasiva e que fornece informações em tempo real de cada órgão. Peixes-boi-amazônico encontram-se na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção classificados na categoria vulnerável e o conhecimento do padrão normal da anatomia ultrassonográfica de órgãos e tecidos é importante para a manutenção e bem-estar de espécimes em cativeiro contribuindo para ações de reintrodução. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar a técnica de exame e descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do fígado, vesícula biliar, estômago, vesícula urinária e o tecido subcutâneo da região abdominal em Trichechus inunguis, de modo a contribuir com o conhecimento anátomo-sonográfico e auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças. O estudo utilizou 18 animais para descrever a anatomia ultrassonográfica normal na cavidade abdominal de peixe-boi amazônico. Durante a varredura abdominal foi possível visualizar as características dos órgãos obtendo resultados satisfatórios neste estudo, concluindo ser uma técnica eficiente para avaliação de determinados órgãos abdominais em peixe-boi amazônico. Entretanto, outras estruturas não foram identificadas principalmente pelo tempo reduzido, muita gordura e gases nos intestinos dos animais

7.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e242086, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278530

ABSTRACT

Abstract The work aims were to describe the histological and histochemical structure of the gastroesophageal tube of Iguana iguana and verify the occurrence and distribution of immunoreactive serotonin (5-HT) and somatostatin (SS) cells. Fragments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five iguanas were which underwent standard histological and immunohistochemistry technique. Immunoreactive cells for 5-HT and SS were quantified using the STEPanizer. The oesophagus has ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium with staining Alcian blue (AB) + and goblet cells highly reactive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS). In the cervical oesophagus, the numerical density of 5-HT cells per unit area (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) was 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 and celomatic oesophagus presented QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. The epithelium of the stomach is simple columnar, PAS and AB +. The cranial and middle regions of the stomach presented (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 and the caudal region, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. The SS cells were only observed in the caudal stomach, with numerical density (QA [SS cells]/µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9 In I. iguana, variation was observed in terms of the distribution of mucus secretions and the pattern of occurrence of serotonin and somatostatin-secreting enteroendocrine cells in the TGI, which possibly will result in an interspecific adaptive response.


Resumo Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever a estrutura histológica e histoquímica do tubo gastroesofágico da Iguana iguana e verificar a ocorrência e distribuição de células serotonina (5-HT) e somatostatina (SS) imunorreativas. Fragmentos do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) de cinco iguanas foram submetidos à técnica histológica e imunohistoquímica padrão. As células imunorreativas para 5-HT e SS foram quantificadas usando o STEPanizer. O esôfago apresenta epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar ciliado Alcian blue (AB) positivo, com células caliciformes altamente reativas ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). No esôfago cervical, a densidade numérica de células 5-HT por unidade de área (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) foi de 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 e o esôfago celomático apresentou QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. O epitélio do estômago é colunar simples, PAS e AB positivo. As regiões cranial e média do estômago apresentaram (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 e a região caudal, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. As células SS foram observadas apenas no estômago caudal, com densidade numérica (QA [células SS] / µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9. Em I. iguana, foi observada variações em termos da distribuição das secreções de muco e padrão de ocorrência das células enteroendócrinas secretoras de serotonina e somatostatina no TGI, o que possivelmente reflete uma resposta adaptativa interespecifica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Serotonin , Iguanas , Stomach , Immunohistochemistry , Gastrointestinal Tract
8.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1007316

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la actitud de los cirujanos dentistas acerca de la atención odontológica de pacientes con necesidades especiales (PNE). Métodos: Estudio transversal que utilizó el método cuantitativo a través de un cuestionario que fue contestado por 60 cirujanos dentistas (CDs) asistentes a una Jornada Odontológica del estado de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. Resultados: El 73% de los CDs no atienden este tipo de pacientes, de los cuales: 62,1% por no saber atenderlos; 91,4% por no haber recibido un Curso de Pacientes Especiales durante su formación académica; 25,9% porque requiere mucho tiempo y paciencia y 69% por no poseer las condiciones emocionales. Por otro lado, el 4% de los encuestados respondieron si atenderlos; bajo alguna forma de contención, sedación o de ser el caso referirlos a un especialista. El 23% restante de CDs indicó prestar atención solamente si eran pacientes colaboradores. Conclusiones: La odontología para pacientes con necesidades especiales en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil parece no cubrir los requerimientos de estos pacientes, no solo por las dificultades inherentes a los servicios y las especificidades de dichos pacientes, sino debido a los impedimentos relacionados con los propios dentistas, problemas con las técnicas odontológicas y por toda la complejidad que envuelve la atención a personas con deficiencia.


Objective: Evaluate the attitude of dental surgeons (DS) in relation to dental care for patients with special needs (PSN). Methods : Transversal study that used the quantitative method through a questionnaire which was answered by 60 DS attending at Dental Conference in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Results : 73% of the DS do not attend this type of patients, among these: 62.1% because they do not know how to treat them; 91.4% because they did not have a Special Patients Course during their academic education; 25.9% because it requires a lot of time and patience and 69% because it needs certain emotional conditions. On the other hand, 4% of the respondents answered that they atended PSN; under some form of containment, sedation or if it was the case, refer them to a specialist. The remaining 23% of DS indicated paying attention only if they were collaborating patients. Conclusions : Dentistry for PSN in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil does not seem to satisfy the requirements of these patients, not only due to the difficulties inherent to the services and the specificities of these patients, but also of the impediments related with the dentists themselves, problems with dental techniques and all the complexity involved in caring for people with disabilities.

9.
J. nurs. health ; 9(1): 199111, jan. 8, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1029208

ABSTRACT

The impact of migratory movements is, worldwide, an emerging theme for nursing because of the health implications of individuals and their migrant or refugee families. These movements, whether voluntary or involuntary, are motivated by social, economic, cultural, religious or environmental factors.1International migration is a concern for achieving the goals of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and it is estimated that 258 million people live in a country other than their birth, of which 68.5 million are refugees and represents an increase of 49% since 2000.2The terms migrants and refugees are used interchangeably, but their meanings are different. Refugees are out of their country of origin because they fear persecution, conflict, violence or other circumstances that impose the need for "international protection." Already, migrant individuals live a voluntary process; for example, someone who crosses a border in search of better economic opportunities.3These movements bring significant socio-cultural impacts related to the abandonment of material goods; loss of employment; undocumented status, food insecurity, increased morbidity and mortality. In addition, the process of acculturation involves the rupture of social networks, changes in the way of life, uprooting, humiliation and the sensation of not belonging to any place. These are barriers that influence the level of health of families.4


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Care , Family
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(8): e8671, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011610

ABSTRACT

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a neural tube defect that often causes spinal cord injury at the thoracolumbar region, as well as sensory and motor paralysis in the lower limbs. This leads to continuous use of a wheelchair and, consequently, a sedentary lifestyle, predisposition to muscle weakness, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, obesity, and structural alterations in the spine. We assessed the respiratory function and shoulder strength of MMC participants who were wheelchair-users and had no respiratory complaints and compared them to healthy children and adolescents. MMC (n=10) and healthy (n=25) participants of both genders with a mean age of 12.45 years (SD=2.1) were assessed for weight, height, respiratory performance, and isometric peak for shoulder flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors, using an isokinetic dynamometer. Medullary lesion, functional levels, and abnormal curvatures of the spine were assessed for MMC participants. The level of spinal cord injury for the majority of the MMC participants was high lumbar and they had scoliosis. MMC showed lower values for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at the first second, forced expiratory flow (25-75%), maximal voluntary ventilation, and isometric peak for shoulder flexors and adductors compared to healthy participants. This indicated a decreased vital capacity, respiratory muscle endurance, and shoulder muscle strength.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Wheelchairs , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Meningomyelocele/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests , Cross-Sectional Studies , Preliminary Data
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(6): 1473-1479, nov.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-910164

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to evaluate if extradural contact during hemilaminectomy would cause neurological deterioration in the early and/or late postoperative period in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion. Nineteen dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion underwent hemilaminectomy for spinal cord decompression and removal of extruded disc material. Meningeal contacts during surgery were quantified. Paraplegia (with nociception) and paraparesis were observed in 11/19 and 8/19 of dogs, respectively, before surgery. At the end of our study, only two (2/19) had paraplegia and one (1/19), paraparesis. There were more extradural contacts when extruded intervertebral disc material was at a ventrolateral position. Extradural contacts during surgery had no influence on neurological progression nor on time to recovery of motor function. Immediately (24 and 48 hours) after surgery, 13/19 dogs had the same neurological stage before surgery. At 7 and 90 days, 13/19 and 17/19 dogs, respectively, showed neurological improvement, compared with their preoperative stage. There was no influence of the number of extradural contacts on neurological recovery. These findings indicate that a careful inspection of the vertebral canal for removal of as much extruded disc material as possible does not cause neurologic deterioration.(AU)


O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se contatos extradurais durante hemilaminectomia em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral causariam piora neurológica no pós-operatório imadiato e/ou tardio. Dezenove cães com extrusão toracolombar de disco intervertebral foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia para descompressão medular e remoção do material extruso. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, os contatos meningomedulares foram quantificados. Antes da cirurgia, 11/19 cães apresentavam paraplegia (com nocicepção) e 8/19 cães, paraparesia. Ao fim do estudo, apenas dois cães (2/19) mostravam paraplegia com dor profunda e um (1/19), paraparesia. Observou-se maior quantidade de contatos extradurais quando o material discal extruso encontrava-se em posição ventrolateral. Os contatos extradurais não mostraram influência estatística na evolução neurológica dos animais, bem como no tempo de recuperação das funções motora. Vinte e quatro e 48 horas após a cirurgia, 13/19 cães apresentavam o mesmo grau neurológico de antes da cirurgia. Após sete e 90 dias de pós-operatório, 13/19 e 17/19 demonstraram melhora neurológica em comparação com o pré-operatório, respectivamente. A quantidade de contatos extradurais não influenciou na recuperação neurológica dos cães. Esses achados indicam que uma inspeção minuciosa do canal vertebral pode ser recomendada, a fim de remover o máximo de material discal extruso, evitando-se piora neurológica por compressão medular.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Decompression, Surgical/veterinary , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/veterinary , Spinal Cord/surgery
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(3): 1043-1049, Sept. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893091

ABSTRACT

The contents of soybean can modify the structure of the reproductive system, especially, when consumed for prolonged periods. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the consumption of transgenic soybean on rat penis morphology after prolonged use. Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups according to diet: Transgenic Soybean (TS) group, Organic Soybean (OS) group and Control (C) group. After 455 days of intake, the rats were sacrificed and the penises were excised and fixed in formalin for subsequent histological processing. The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin stain, and picrosirius red with polarization. The images were scanned for the histomorphometric analyses of the corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, erectile tissue, and tunica albuginea as well as the measurement of the thickness of the tunica albuginea. The diameter and areas of the penile arteries with the intima and media tunica were also measured. The elastic fibers of the tunica albuginea, corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum were quantified using stereological methods. No significant differences were observed in the collagen and elastic components among the groups. We concluded that no statistically significant differences were found among the groups, demonstrating that the prolonged consumption of OS and TS does not affect the penile structure.


El contenido de frijoles de soja puede modificar la estructura del sistema reproductivo, especialmente, cuando se consume durante períodos prolongados. En este estudio, se evaluaron los efectos del consumo de frijoles de soja transgénica en la morfología del pene de rata después de un uso prolongado. Las ratas Wistar (n = 30) se dividieron en tres grupos según la dieta: grupo de frijoles de soja transgénica (TS), grupo de frijoles de soja orgánica (OS) y grupo control (C). Después de 455 días de ingesta, se sacrificaron las ratas y se extirparon los penes y se fijaron en formalina para posterior procesamiento histológico. Las muestras se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina, tinción de resorcina-fucsina de Weigert y rojo de picrosirius con polarización. Las imágenes fueron escaneadas para análisis histomorfométrico de los cuerpos cavernosos, cuerpo esponjoso, tejido eréctil y túnica albugínea, así como para la medición del espesor de la túnica albugínea. También se midieron el diámetro y las áreas de las arterias penianas con las túnicas íntima y media. Se cuantificaron las fibras elásticas de la túnica albugínea, cuerpos cavernosos y cuerpos esponjosos utilizando métodos estereológicos. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los componentes colágenos y elásticos entre los grupos. Se concluyó que no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos, lo que demuestra que el consumo prolongado de OS y TS no afecta a la estructura del pene.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aging , Diet , Penis/drug effects , Glycine max/chemistry , Plants, Genetically Modified , Rats, Wistar
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1137-1144, set.-out. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827887

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to characterize the renal morphology and anatomical variations of the renal pedicle in domestic shorthaired cats. Dissections were performed in 40 adult cats, obtained from the necropsy unit without macroscopic renal pathology. Kidney dimensions (length, width, and thickness) and the length and origin of the renal arteries and main branches were measured. The length, width and thickness of the right kidney (cm) were 3.83±0.46, 2.42±0.22, and 2.22±0.33 in males, and 3.61±0.53, 2.28±0.38, and 2.13±0.40 in females, respectively. In the left kidney, these measures were 3.82±0.32, 2.48±0.31, and 2.37±0.32 in males, and 3.48±0.47, 2.39±0.26, and 2.15±0.34 in females, respectively. The left kidneys of males were significantly bigger than those of females. There was a positive linear correlation between the rostrum-sacral length and ellipsoid volume of the left kidney only in males. Most of the kidneys were situated ventrally between the third to fifth lumbar vertebras. The right renal artery was situated ventrally to third lumbar vertebra and the left artery to the fourth. The results of the present study contribute to the field of comparative and applied anatomy.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a morfologia renal e as variações anatômicas do pedículo renal em gatos de pelo curto brasileiro. As dissecções foram realizadas em 40 gatos adultos, obtidos de necropsias sem evidência de patologia renal macroscópica. Medidas renais (comprimento, largura e espessura), comprimento e origem das artérias renais e ramos principais foram obtidos. O comprimento, a largura e a espessura do rim direito (cm) foram 3,83 ± 0,46, 2,42 ± 0,22 e 2,22 ± 0,33 em machos e 3,61 ± 0,53, 2,28 ± 0,38 e 2,13 ± 0,40 em fêmeas, respectivamente. No rim esquerdo, essas medidas foram 3,82 ± 0,32, 2,48 ± 0,31 e 2,37 ± 0,32 em machos e 3,48 ± 0,47, 2,39 ± 0,26 e 2,15 ± 0,34 em fêmeas, respectivamente. O rim esquerdo dos machos foi maior do que o das fêmeas. Houve correlação linear positiva entre o comprimento rostrossacral e o volume elipsoide do rim esquerdo apenas em machos. A maioria dos rins estão situados ventralmente entre a terceira e quinta vértebras lombares. A artéria renal direita está situada ventralmente na terceira vértebra lombar, e a artéria renal esquerda na quarta. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem para a anatomia comparada e aplicada.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Kidney/anatomy & histology , Kidney/blood supply , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary
14.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(1): 109-116, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774509

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the embryonic and larval development of Brycon amazonicus, featuring the main events up to 50 hours after fertilization (AF). The material was provided by the Aquaculture Training, Technology and Production Center, Presidente Figueiredo (AM). The characterization was based on stereomicroscopic examination of the morphology of eggs, embryos and larvae and comparison with the literature. Matrinxã eggs are free, transparent, and spherical, with a perivitelline space of 0.56 ± 0.3 mm. The successive divisions give rise to cells with 64 blastomeres during the first hour AF. The gastrula stage, beginning 02 h 40 min AF, was characterized by progressive regression cells and the formation of the embryonic axis, leading to differentiation of the head and tail 05 h 30 min AF. From 06 to 09 h AF the somites, notochord, otic and optic vesicles and otoliths were observed, in addition to heart rate and the release of the tail. The larvae hatched at 10 h 30 min AF (29.9 °C), with a total length of 3.56 ± 0.46 mm. Between 19 and 30 h AF, we observed 1) pigmentation and gut formation, 2) branchial arches, 3) pectoral fins, 4) a mouth opening and 5) teeth. Cannibalism was initiated earlier (34 h AF) which was associated with rapid yolk absorption (more than 90% until 50 h AF), signaling the need for an exogenous nutritional source. The environmental conditions (especially temperature) influenced the time course of some events throughout the embryonic and larval development, suggesting the need for further studies on this subject.


Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o desenvolvimento embrionário e larval do Brycon amazonicus, caracterizando os principais eventos ocorridos até 50 h Após Fertilização (AF). O material é proveniente do Centro de Treinamento, Tecnologia e Produção em Aqüicultura em Presidente Figueiredo (AM). A caracterização foi feita com base na análise estereomicroscópica da morfologia dos ovos, embriões e larvas e comparação bibliográfica. Os ovos da matrinxã são livres, transparentes, esféricos com espaço perivitelínico de 0,56 ± 0,3 mm. As sucessivas clivagens originam células com 64 blastômeros na primeira hora AF. A gástrula, iniciada 02 h e 40 min AF caracterizou-se por progressiva involução celular e formação do eixo embrionário, culminando com diferenciação de cabeça e cauda com 05 h 30 min AF. De 06 às 09h AF foi observada a formação de somitos, notocorda, vesículas óptica, ótica e otólitos, além de batimentos cardíacos e liberação da cauda. As larvas eclodiram com 10 h 30 min AF (29,9 °C), com 3,56 ± 0,46 mm de comprimento total. Entre 19 e 30 h AF foram observadas: 1) pigmentação e formação do tubo digestivo 2) surgimento de arcos branquiais 3) nadadeira peitoral 4) abertura da boca e 5) surgimento dos dentes. O canibalismo iniciou mais precocemente (34 h AF), em relação aos trabalhos existentes com o gênero, o que associado à rápida absorção do vitelo (mais de 90% até 50 h AF), sinaliza a necessidade de ofertar recurso alimentar exógeno. As condições ambientais (especialmente temperatura e pH) influenciaram na abreviação de alguns eventos ao longo do desenvolvimento embrionário e larval, sugerindo a necessidade de estudos complementares a esse respeito.


Subject(s)
Animals , Characidae/embryology , Characidae/growth & development , Embryonic Development , Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
15.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(4): 1293-1298, Dec. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772311

ABSTRACT

Rabbits have been used as urologic models in many studies. The aim of this study was to characterize the renal morphology and anatomical variations of the renal pedicle in rabbit. The research ethics committee of Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University approved this study. The animals were obtained from the university's necropsy unit. Dissections were performed in 50 adult rabbits, male and females, without macroscopic renal pathology. Kidney measurements were made with a digital caliper: length, width, and thickness. The length and origin of the renal arteries and main branches and length of the renal veins were also determined. The terminology of Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria was followed. The mean and standard deviation of the length of the right kidney was 3.150±0.2588 cm in males and 3.127±0.3769 cm in females and in the left kidney was 3.083±0.0818 cm in males and 3.162±0.0848 cm in females. The width of the right kidney was 1.933±0.0848 cm in males and 1.996±0.0680 cm in females and in the left kidney was 1.850±0.0659 cm in males and 2.004±0.0940 cm in females. There was no significant difference in the measurements between the two sexes and antimeres and in the measures of renal vessels in relation to sex, but the left artery and renal vein were always larger than the right in both sexes. The results of the present study are expected to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of comparative and applied anatomy.


Los conejos se han utilizado como modelos urológicos en muchas investigaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la morfología renal y variaciones anatómicas del pedículo renal en el conejo. El comité de ética de la investigación de Río de Janeiro Universidad Federal Rural aprobó este estudio. Los animales se obtuvieron de unidad de necropsia de la universidad. Las disecciones se realizaron en 50 conejos adultos, machos y hembras, sin patología renal macroscópica. Se realizaron con un calibrador digital las siguientes mediciones en el riñón : longitud, ancho y grosor. También se determinaron la longitud y el origen de las arterias renales y ramas principales y longitud de las venas renales. Se siguió la terminología de Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. La Media y DE de la longitud del riñón derecho fue 3,150±0,2588 cm en machos y 3,127±0,3769 cm en hembras y en el riñón izquierdo fue 3,083±0,0818 cm en machos y 3,162±0,0848 cm en hembras. El ancho del riñón derecho fue 1,933±0,0848 cm en machos y 1,996±0,0680 cm en las hembras y en el riñón izquierdo fue 1,850±0,0659 cm en machos y 2,004±0,0940 cm en hembras. No hubo diferencias significativas en las mediciones entre los dos sexos y los antímeros, así como en las medidas de los vasos renales en relación con el sexo; pero la arteria y vena renal izquierda fueron siempre mayores que las del lado derecho en ambos sexos. Se espera con los resultados del presente estudio contribuir al conocimientos en el campo de la anatomía comparada y aplicada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Anatomic Variation , Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology , Kidney/blood supply , Rabbits/anatomy & histology
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(5): 1241-1248, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-764450

ABSTRACT

A piometra é uma afecção comum em cadelas com uma etiologia hormonal associada à infecção bacteriana, levando ao acúmulo de exsudato uterino. Desequilíbrios ácido-base e hidroeletrolíticos são complicações que contribuem para a progressão da doença, o que piora o estado geral da paciente e pode levá-la ao óbito. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar os distúrbios ácido-base e eletrolíticos em cadelas com piometra, além de avaliar se a terapia hídrica pré-cirúrgica (Ringer lactato) é efetiva na correção desses desequilíbrios. Vinte cadelas com piometra foram submetidas à hemogasometria em oito tempos preestabelecidos. Concluiu-se que o distúrbio ácido-base mais frequente foi a alcalose respiratória e que a terapia hídrica no pré-cirúrgico com solução Ringer lactato foi efetiva na correção da acidose metabólica e proporcionou melhora na alcalose respiratória, embora não tenha corrigido quadros de alcalose metabólica.


Pyometra is a common disease in dogs with a hormonal etiology associated with a bacterial infection and leading to accumulation of uterine exudates. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances are complications that contribute to disease progression, worsening the condition of the patient, possibly leading death. The aim of this study was to characterize the acid-base and electrolyte disturbances in dogs with pyometra, and to evaluate whether preoperative fluid therapy (Ringer's lactate) is effective in correcting these imbalances. Twenty bitches with pyometra were subjected to blood gas analysis in eight pre-set times. It was concluded that the acid-base disorder was the most frequent respiratory alkalosis and fluid therapy in the preoperative Ringer 's lactate solution was effective in the correction of metabolic acidosis, although this has not corrected metabolic alkalosis frames and has provided improved alkalosis breathing .


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Alkalosis, Respiratory , Pyometra/veterinary , Water-Electrolyte Balance , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Ketosis/veterinary , Hysterectomy/veterinary , Tramadol/therapeutic use
17.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(4): 961-968, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-759233

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar as implicações e os resultados obtidos frente aos tratamentos conservativo e cirúrgico em 37 cães sem distinção de sexo, raça ou idade, que apresentaram fraturas e luxações vertebrais (FLV) toracolombares. Cada paciente passou por anamnese, seguida por exames clínico, neurológico e radiográficos para se obter o diagnóstico neuroanatômico e a severidade da lesão. Os cães foram submetidos ao tratamento conservativo ou cirúrgico de acordo com as características de cada caso. Dos 37 animais deste estudo, 37,7% tinham percepção de dor profunda (PDP) intacta. Vinte animais foram submetidos ao tratamento conservativo, 14 ao tratamento cirúrgico e três animais faleceram antes do tratamento. Dos animais que mantiveram a PDP intacta, a taxa de recuperação foi de 100%, com tempo de recuperação total variando de sete a 75 dias, ao passo que, dos animais que perderam a PDP, nenhum recuperou a deambulação voluntária. Dos 14 animais operados, 42,8% apresentaram alterações vertebrais não visibilizadas ao exame radiográfico convencional, sendo necessária mudança na técnica cirúrgica planejada em 14,2% desses casos. Nos animais que mantiveram a PDP, não houve diferença significante nas taxas nem no tempo de recuperação da deambulação voluntária, independentemente do tipo de tratamento. Entretanto, houve diferença altamente significante entre os graus que mantiveram a PDP intacta com os animais que perderam a percepção de dor profunda em relação à taxa de recuperação. A taxa de eutanásia foi menor que em outros trabalhos descritos na literatura. Dos animais sem PDP submetidos ao tratamento conservativo ou cirúrgico, 31,25% readquiriram a capacidade de caminhar sem recuperar a PDP, sendo essa deambulação involuntária atribuída ao caminhar espinal.


Our aim of this paper was to study the implications and results associated with conservative and surgical treatment of dogs with thoracolumbar Vertebral fractures and luxations (VFL) so that the information obtained can be used to obtain guidelines that lead to greater recovery rates. For such, 37 dogs presenting VFL were examined, without distinction of sex, breed, or age. Each patient had detailed history obtained, followed by clinical, neurologic and radiographic exams for obtaining neuroanatomic location and severity of the nervous and vertebral lesions. The dogs were submitted to conservative or surgical treatment according to each case. Deep pain perception (DPP) was intact in 37.7% of the 37 dogs in this study. Twenty dogs received conservative treatment, 14 underwent surgery and three dogs died before treatment. Of the dogs with intact DPP, 100% recovered, with a recovery time varying between seven and 75 days, while none of the dogs that lost DPP recovered voluntary motion. Of the 14 dogs submitted to surgery, 42.8% had vertebral lesions that weren't detected using conventional radiography, which demonstrates the low sensitivity of this exam, and led to a need for a change in the planned surgical technique in 14.2% of these cases. In dogs with intact DPP there was no significant difference in time or rate of recovery of voluntary motion, regardless of the treatment method. However, there was a highly significant difference between the dogs which retained and lost DPP regarding recovery rates. The percentage of euthanasia was less than in other reports, probably due to the greater awareness and protectiveness of owners nowadays. Of the dogs without DPP treated either surgically or conservatively, 31.25% recovered ambulation without recovery of DPP, characterizing this ambulation as involuntary, attributed to spinal walk.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Fractures, Bone/veterinary , Spinal Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Injuries/veterinary , Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Injuries/veterinary , Paraplegia/veterinary , Radiography
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(3): 787-796, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-718094

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar viabilidade, eficácia, vantagens e desvantagens da anestesia epidural lombossacral, junto à anestesia geral inalatória, em cirurgias de descompressão da cauda equina, tendo em vista que essas cirurgias são procedimentos longos e dolorosos. Para isso, foram utilizados 11 cães adultos com sinais clínicos de síndrome da cauda equina, que foram submetidos à anestesia geral inalatória e deixados no estágio anestésico mais superficial. Depois, realizou-se a anestesia epidural em seis dos 11 pacientes, por punção espinhal em L7-S1, com bupivacaína a 0,5 por cento. Os parâmetros fisiológicos (cardíacos, vasculares, respiratórios, temperatura corporal e glicemia) foram aferidos antes da medicação pré-anestésica, 10 minutos após esta, 30 minutos depois da epidural, depois da laminectomia, assim como após 60 minutos e 90 minutos da epidural, tanto no grupo com epidural como naquele sem esta (controle). Os animais que possuíam bloqueio epidural apresentaram redução significativa no consumo de anestésico inalatório e no tempo de extubação, não apresentando déficits neurológicos causados pela anestesia epidural, quando comparados com o grupo-controle. Conclui-se que a técnica de anestesia epidural é eficiente e vantajosa na realização de cirurgias descompressivas lombossacrais, pois proporciona menor risco anestésico para o animal...


The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of lumbosacral epidural anesthesia with inhalational anesthesia in surgical decompression of the cauda equina, since this surgery has a lengthy and painful recovery from anesthesia. For this, 11 adult dogs which showed clinical signs of cauda equina syndrome were used. After the epidural, anesthesia in six of 11 patients, spinal tap in L7-S1, with bupivacaine 0.5 percent anesthetic was used. Physiological parameters (heart, vascular, respiratory and body temperature) were measured before, 10 minutes after, and 30 minutes after the epidural, after the laminectomia and 60 minutes and 90 minutes after the epidural, both in the epidural group and the control group. Animals that had ep showed a significant reduction in consumption of inhaled anesthetic and time of extubation. There were no neurological deficits caused by epidural anesthesia compared with the group without epidural anesthesia. It was concluded that the epidural anesthesia technique is effective in lumbosacral decompression surgeries, leading to a lower risk for the anesthetized animal...


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Anesthesia, Epidural/veterinary , Anesthesia, Inhalation/veterinary , Dogs/surgery , Cauda Equina/surgery , Adjuvants, Anesthesia , Diazepam , Lumbosacral Region , Tramadol
19.
Univ. psychol ; 13(2): 781-797, abr.-jun. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-735230

ABSTRACT

El concepto de autorregulación del aprendizaje ha asumido una importancia creciente en la literatura, ya que la investigación ha sugerido que los alumnos participan activamente en su proceso de aprendizaje, monitorizando y regulando su proceso de estudio con el fin de alcanzar determinados objetivos. La información recogida en revistas indexadas en la base Scielo, en cuanto a la autorregulación, todavía no ha sido sistematizada convenientemente. Por ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura, con base en datos SciELO.org, en el período comprendido entre el año 2001 y el año 2011, para analizar las evidencias recogidas en diferentes investigaciones sobre: a) la naturaleza del aprendizaje autorregulado, b) su evaluación, c) la promoción de habilidades para la autorregulación y su utilidad en el contexto educativo y d) la posibilidad de implicación de los profesores en la promoción de dicho aprendizaje.


The concept of self-regulation in learning has been assuming a rising importance in the literature once the research has suggested that students participate actively in their learning process, monitoring and regulating their study process to achieve self-set goals. Nevertheless, the information about self-regulation has not been yet systematized on the journals indexed in Scielo. Therefore, the current study performed a systematic review of the literature on Scielo.org, between the period 2001 and 2011 to analyze the existence evidence regarding: a) the nature of self-regulated learning, b) it's assessment, c) the promotion of self-regulated skills and their usefulness in the context of education, and d) the potential implication of teachers on the promotion of lifelong learning.


Subject(s)
Education , Self-Control , Learning
20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(3): 649-653, June 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679093

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de lesão iatrogênica meningomedular em um cão da raça Dachshund, macho, oito anos de idade, apresentando tetraparesia flácida há dois meses, que foi submetido à espondilectomia ventral para tratamento de extrusão crônica de disco intervertebral cervical. Durante remoção do material de disco herniado com removedores de tártaro e pinça hemostática, observou-se severa hemorragia dos seios venosos, descolamento meníngeo com laceração medular e imediata queda dos parâmetros cardiovasculorrespiratório, com evolução para a morte ante a ausência de respostas às medidas de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.


Our objective was to describe the occurrence of an iatrogenic meningo-medullary lesion and the trans-surgical complications in an eight-year-old male Daschund, which presented flacid tetraparesis for two months, and underwent ventral spondylectomy to treat a chronic cervical intervertebral disc extrusion. During the removal of the herniated disc with dental picks and hemostatic forceps, we observed meningeal dislocation with medullary laceration and an immediate reduction in cardiovasculatory and respiratory parameters, which progressed to a cardiorespiratory arrest that was non-responsive to medication and finally led to the death of the patient.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Spine/anatomy & histology , Intervertebral Disc/anatomy & histology , Posture , Wounds and Injuries , Dogs
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